Managing workflows upon a security incident

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods, and software described herein provide for managing service level agreements (SLAs) for security incidents in a computing environment. In one example, an advisement system identifies a rule set for a security incident based on enrichment information obtained for the security incident, wherein the rule set is associated with action recommendations to be taken against the incident. The advisement system further identifies a default SLA for the security incident based on the rule set, and obtains environmental characteristics related to the security incident. Based on the environmental characteristics, the advisement system determines a modified SLA for the security incident.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to and claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/087,025, entitled “ACTION RECOMMENDATIONS FORCOMPUTING ASSETS BASED ON ENRICHMENT INFORMATION,” filed on Dec. 3,2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/106,830, entitled“ACTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADMINISTRATORS IN A COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT,”filed on Jan. 23, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/106,837, entitled “SECURITY ACTIONS IN A COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT,”filed on Jan. 23, 2015, and which are hereby incorporated by referencein their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Aspects of the disclosure are related to computing environment security,and in particular to managing the allocation of workflows in response toa security incident.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

An increasing number of data security threats exist in the moderncomputerized society. These threats may include viruses or other malwarethat attacks the local computer of the end user, or sophisticated cyberattacks to gather data and other information from the cloud or serverbased infrastructure. This server based infrastructure includes real andvirtual computing devices that are used to provide a variety of servicesto user computing systems, such as data storage, cloud processing, websites and services, amongst other possible services. To protectapplications and services, various antivirus, encryption, and firewallimplementations may be used across an array of operating systems, suchas Linux and Microsoft Windows.

Further, some computing environments may implement security informationand event management (SIEM) systems and other security detection systemsto provide real-time analysis of security alerts generated by networkhardware and applications. In particular, SIEM systems allow forreal-time monitoring, correlation of events, notifications, and consoleviews for end users. Further, SIEM systems may provide storage logscapable of managing historical information about various security eventswithin the network. Although SIEMs and other security threat identifyingsystems may generate security alerts for devices within the network,administrators may be forced to translate each of these alerts intoparticular actions, which takes time and resources. Further,notifications of incidents may not be helpful in determining whichadministrator of a plurality of administrators should be responsible forreacting to a security incident.

OVERVIEW

The technology disclosed herein enhances how security actionrecommendations are provided to administrators of a computingenvironment. In one example, an advisement system for managing servicelevel agreements (SLAs) for security incidents in a computingenvironment is configured to identify a rule set for a security incidentbased on enrichment information obtained for the security incident,wherein the rule set is associated with one or more actionrecommendations to be taken against the security incident. Theadvisement system is further configured to identify a default SLA forthe security incident based on the rule set, and obtain environmentalcharacteristics related to the security incident. Based on theenvironmental characteristics, the advisement system determines amodified SLA for the security incident.

In some implementations, the default SLA and the modified SLA eachcomprise a hierarchy of administrators to respond to a securityincident, and a set of one or more time periods for administratorselected actions.

In some implementations, the advisement system may further be configuredto provide the action recommendations to administrators based on the SLAdeterminations for the security incident.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Many aspects of the disclosure can be better understood with referenceto the following drawings. While several implementations are describedin connection with these drawings, the disclosure is not limited to theimplementations disclosed herein. On the contrary, the intent is tocover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

FIG. 1 illustrates a computing environment to manage security actionsfor a plurality of network assets.

FIG. 2 illustrates a method of operating an advisement system to provideaction recommendations for a plurality of network assets.

FIG. 3 illustrates an operational scenario of identifying securityactions according to one example.

FIG. 4 illustrates an overview of providing action recommendations to anadministrator based on previously implemented actions.

FIG. 5 illustrates a computing environment to recommend and implementsecurity actions based on the effectiveness of previous actions.

FIG. 6 illustrates an advisement computing system to provide actionrecommendations for a plurality of network assets.

TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE

The various examples disclosed herein provide enhancements for managingservice level agreements (SLAs) for security incidents in a computingenvironment. In many organizations, security systems, such as securityinformation and event management (SIEM) systems provide real-timeanalysis of security alerts generated by network hardware and processes.The network hardware and processes may include routers, firewalls,operating systems and applications executing on one or more computingdevices, switches, or intrusion detection systems, amongst a variety ofother network devices and processes. During the analysis of theparticular network, a SIEM system may identify an issue, and flag theissue as a possible security threat. Once flagged, the SIEM system mayprovide information to an administrator, or store information about thethreat to be analyzed for a possible solution.

Here, in addition to the operations provided by the SIEM system or othersecurity monitoring systems within a computing environment, anadvisement system may be used to identify, implement, and recommendsecurity actions to be taken against security threats. For example, if aSIEM system identified a possible security threat within an asset of acomputing environment, information about the threat could be transferredto the advisement system, supplementary information about the threatcould be identified, and actions could be taken against the threat basedon a preconfigured rule set. These actions may include a variety ofprocedures that eliminate, segregate, monitor, or provide other similaractions on the identified threat. In some examples, the advisementsystem may be configured to implement a default action without userinteraction against the threat. However, in addition to or in place ofthe default action, one or more suggested actions may be provided to anadministrator, and the administrator may select the one or more actionsto be taken against the security threat. The actions taken may includetaking a snapshot of the affected computing asset, segregating the assetfrom other assets, removing an application related to the incident,blocking a particular internet protocol address related to the incident,or providing any other similar action to protect assets in theenvironment from the security incident—including combinations thereof.

In some implementations, SLAs may be associated with the rule setidentified for the security threat, and include information about thehierarchy of administrators that should handle the selection of thesecurity action in the environment, as well as time periods that areallowed for each of the administrators to respond to the particularthreat. Although a default or original SLA may be associated with aparticular rule set. This rule set may be modified based onenvironmental characteristics for the threat. In particular, the SLA maybe modified based on a criticality rating of the computing assetassociated with the threat, a current severity level of the securitythreat within the environment, a rate of events for the securityincident, current market conditions, geopolitical conditions, or othersimilar environmental characteristics. For example, the advisementsystem may determine that there are a large number of incoming requestsfrom a known malicious internet protocol (IP) address. Accordingly, theamount of time for the administrator to select an action for the threatmay be decreased to ensure that an action is taken. Similarly, inaddition to or in place of reducing the amount of time to respond, thehierarchy of administrators for responding to the incident could bechanged, such that new administrators may be responsible forimplementing the necessary action.

In some examples, in response to identifying a security incident in theenvironment, the advisement system may implement a first action tocontain the particular incident. This may be accomplished using virtuallocal area networks (VLANs) for systems involved in the threat,preventing networked communication for the infected device, or othersimilar containment reactions for an incident. In addition to thecontainment action, which may be initiated as a default instruction orby user instruction, one or more action recommendations may be providedto an administrator to remove the particular security threat from theenvironment. In that example, the amount of time to respond may bemodified based on the effectiveness of the containment action. Forinstance, if the containment of the security threat prevented the threatwith communicating with other systems, the period of time to implementan action to remove the threat could be made longer. In contrast, if thecontainment action were not effective, the period of time to implementan action remove the threat may be made shorter, as the threat createspossible issues for other security assets in the environment.

In some instances, the SLA hierarchy of administrators may requiremultiple administrators to approve an action before it is implemented inthe system. For example, two administrators or users of the computingassets may be required to agree on an action before it can be applied tothe computing assets. Further, once a set of action recommendations areprovided to an administrator, the administrator may modify the actionrecommendations, remove action recommendations, or defer actionselection to another administrator or set of administrators, or provideother similar feedback with regards to the action recommendations. Forinstance, the administrator may be provided with a list IP addresses tobe blocked on a computing asset. However, the administrator may selectone or more of the IP addresses to prevent the addresses from beingblocked by the computing system. In response to the feedback from theadministrator, the action recommendations may be modified in accordancewith the feedback, or may be implemented with the administrator selectedmodifications.

To further illustrate the operation of an advisement system within acomputing network, FIG. 1 is provided. FIG. 1 illustrates a computingenvironment 100 to manage security actions for a plurality of networkassets. Computing environment 100 includes computing assets 110-116,SIEM system 120, advisement system 130, sources 140, and administrationsystem 150. Computing assets 110-116 include applications 110, routers111, intrusion detection systems and intrusion prevention system(IDS/IDP) 112, virtual private networks (VPNs) 113, firewalls 114,switches 115, and operating systems 116, although other assets mayexist. Assets 110-116 may execute via any number of computing systems ordevices. In addition to the routers and switches, these computingdevices may include server computers, desktop computers, laptopcomputers, tablet computers, and the like. Although not illustrated inthe present example, in some implementations, assets may be defined atcomputing system level. Accordingly, assets may be defined as physicalcomputing systems, such as servers, end user computing systems, hostcomputing systems, and the like, and may further be defined as virtualcomputing systems, such as virtual machines executing via host computingsystems. These physical and virtual computing systems may include anoperating system, applications, processes, firewalls, and other similarcomputing resources.

SIEM system 120, advisement system 130, internal and external sources140, and administration system 150 may each include communicationinterfaces, network interfaces, processing systems, computer systems,microprocessors, storage systems, storage media, or some otherprocessing devices or software systems, and can be distributed amongmultiple devices. SIEM system 120, advisement system 130, and sources140 may comprise one or more server, desktop, laptop, or other similarcomputing devices. Administration system 150 may comprise an end userdevice, such as a desktop computer, laptop computer, smartphone, tablet,or any other similar computing device.

Advisement system 130 communicates with SIEM system 120, sources 140,and administration system 150 via communication links that may use TimeDivision Multiplex (TDM), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), internetprotocol (IP), Ethernet, synchronous optical networking (SONET), hybridfiber-coax (HFC), circuit-switched communication signaling, wirelesscommunications, or some other communication format, includingcombinations and improvements thereof. Similarly, SIEM system 120 maygather information from assets 110-116 via a plurality of communicationlinks to the computing systems associated with the assets, wherein thelinks may use TDM, ATM, IP, Ethernet, SONET, HFC, circuit-switchedcommunication signaling, wireless communications, or some othercommunication format, including combinations and improvements thereof.While not illustrated in the present example, it should be understoodthat advisement system 130 might communicate with the assets overvarious communication links and communication formats to implementdesired security actions.

In operation, SIEM system 120 receives data and performance informationfrom assets 110-116 and performs inspections to identify possiblesecurity issues. Once SIEM system 120 identifies a possible securitythreat, information about the security threat is transferred toadvisement system 130. Advisement system 130 identifies the securitythreat and analyzes the threat using sources 140 to determine actionsagainst the security threat. These actions might include default actionsthat can be initiated and implemented within the environment withoutinteraction from an administrator, and might further include suggestedactions that can be provided to administrator (admin) 160. Once thesuggested actions are determined, the suggested actions are transferred,via email, text message, or other similar format, to administrationsystem 150 to be presented to administrator (admin) 160. From thesuggested actions, administrator 160 may select a particular action andadvisement system 130 may implement the action within the computingenvironment.

In some implementations, SLAs may be used to define how an incident ishandled in the environment, such as the amount of time thatadministrators have to implement an action for the threat, as well asdefine a hierarchy of administrators to handle the threat. For example,when a threat is identified, advisement system 130 may determine an SLAfor the incident, which identifies a period of time for administrator160 to implement an action before it is transferred to anotheradministrator within the defined hierarchy.

Referring now to FIG. 2 to further demonstrate the operation ofadvisement system 130. FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 of operatingadvisement system 130 to manage SLAs for security incidents. Asdescribed above in FIG. 1, SIEM system 120 receives information from aplurality of network assets 110-116 and identifies security threats todevices and systems based on the information. Once a threat isidentified, the threat is then transferred to advisement system 130.Advisement system 130 identifies the security threat or incident withinenvironment 100, and identifies a rule set for the security incidentbased on enrichment information for the security incident (201). In someexamples, when the incident is identified by advisement system 130,information about the incident may be included, such as an outside IPaddress related to the incident, a process name that is related to theincident, a number of occurrences of the particular incident, a uniformresource locator (URL) related to the incident, an identifier for thecomputing asset associated with the incident, or any other similarinformation about the incident. Based on the information supplied forthe incident, advisement system 130 may query or retrieve enrichmentinformation about the particular threat from internal and externalsources 140. These sources may include databases, websites, or any otherrepository that includes information about computer security threats.

Once the enrichment information is retrieved from the sources, a ruleset may be determined for the particular incident. For example, anunknown process may be identified as a security incident within acomputing asset. In response to identifying a name for the unknownprocess, advisement system 130 may query the sources to gather furtherinformation about the incident. Based on the enrichment information thatis provided for the unknown process, a rule set may be determined alongwith associated action recommendations to take against the threat.Accordingly, if the enrichment information indicated that the threat wasmalware, a rule set and action recommendations may be made identifiedbased on the malware identification.

In addition to the action recommendations, advisement system 130 furtheridentifies a default SLA for the incident based on the rule set (202),which may include a hierarchy of administrators to respond to theincident, as well as one or more time periods for which they have torespond to the incident. For example, action recommendations may beprovided to a first administrator that does not respond within arequired time period. Accordingly, the recommendations may be providedto secondary administrators to ensure that a response is given to theincident.

Here, advisement system 130 further obtains environmentalcharacteristics related to the security incident (203), and uses thecharacteristics to dynamically generate a modified SLA for the securityincident (204). The environmental characteristics may include thecriticality of the computing asset with the security incident, thenumber of occurrences of the incident within the environment, theseverity of the incident, the current geopolitical climate when theissue took place, or other similar characteristics separate from thesecurity incident itself. Once the characteristics are determined,various algorithms may be used to modify or adjust the default SLA forthe current incident.

For example, a security incident that involved malware may have apredefined hierarchy of administrators, as well as a predefined timeperiod for response. However, if the malware were on a criticalfinancial officer's computing system with possibly sensitive data, thedefault SLA may be improper for handling that particular issue.Accordingly, based on the criticality of the asset, the hierarchy ofadministrators may change to remedy the security threat, and the timeperiods for which the administrators have to respond to the issue may beshortened due to the criticality of the asset.

In some implementations, the rule set for a particular threat may beassociated with a default action that could be used to contain aparticular threat. These containment default actions may includepreventing future communications from an affect asset, placing theaffected asset within a VLAN, or some other containment action. Inaddition to the containment action, user action suggestions may begenerated for administrators responsible for the particular asset, whichmay be used to remove the incident from the computing asset. In someexamples, the time period for an administrator to implement an actionmay be based on the effectiveness of the containment process.Accordingly, if the containment process prevented outgoingcommunications, or the spread of the security threat to other systems inthe environment the administrators may be provided with a longer timeperiod to implement an action. In contrast, if the containment actionwere not effective, a reduced period of time may be given to implement auser-defined action.

In some examples, the administrators may dynamically modify the securityactions that are supplied. This dynamic modification may include denyinga particular action, approving a particular action, delegating theresponsibility of responding to the action to another administrator orset of administrators, modifying action parameters, such as IP addressesto be blocked, or some other dynamic modification to the actionrecommendations. For example, a first administrator may be provided withan action recommendation to block a set of IP addresses. During thereview of the action, the administrator may select at least one IPaddress that does not need to be blocked. Once the IP address is nolonger included in the blocked list, the first administrator or a secondadministrator may apply the modified action.

In some instances, multiple administrators may be required to implementa particular action. For example, a security administrator may select toimplement a firewall rule for one or more computing assets in theenvironment. In response to selecting the action, administratorsassociated with the computing assets, which could be users of thecomputing assets, may be required to approve the change and implementprocesses to apply the firewall rule. Accordingly, rather than approvalfrom a single administrator, multiple administrators or users may berequired to approve an action before it can be implemented within theenvironment.

Although illustrated in FIG. 1 with a SIEM system, it should beunderstood that in some examples other systems, such as the assetsthemselves within the computing environment, might be used to identifysecurity threats. Further, although illustrated separate in the exampleof FIG. 1, it should be understood that SIEM system 120 might residewholly or partially on the same computing systems as advisement system130.

Turning to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 illustrates an operational scenario 300 ofproviding action recommendations to an administrator according to oneexample. Operational scenario 300 includes asset 310, advisement system320, sources 325, environment data 327, action suggestions 330, andadministrator 340. As described herein assets may comprise operatingsystems, virtual machines, application files, routers, switches,firewalls, or any other similar asset. Further, in some examples, assetsmay be defined as an entire computing system, such as a server orpersonal computing system, which includes an operating system, files,applications, and processes.

As described herein, security systems and processes, such as SIEMsystems, are configured to identify possible security incidents within acomputing environment that includes a plurality of computing systems andassets. Here, asset 310 is identified with a security incident, and areport of the incident is transferred to advisement system 320. Thisincident report may be generated by an agent that is collocated on thesame computing system or device as asset 310, or may be generated by anexternal system such as a SIEM that reports the incident to advisementsystem 320.

In response to the incident, advisement system 320 obtains enrichmentdata from sources 325, which may comprise databases, webpages, or otherresources that store information about security threats. For example, adatabase may be maintained that includes recently identified malwareapplications. Accordingly, if the incident report indicated an unknownapplication executing on an asset, the unknown application may becompared to the identified malware applications of the database todetermine a rule set for the unknown application. In someimplementations, to manage the various rule sets for the advisementsystem, one or more data structures may be accessible by the advisementsystem that relates rule sets to enrichment information about theincident. For example, an incident may be reported for an unknownprocess executing on a virtual machine asset. Once enrichmentinformation is gathered about the unknown process, the advisement systemmay identify a rule set that applies to unknown the enrichmentinformation determined about the unknown process for the virtualmachine. Accordingly, an unknown process that is known to be maliciousfrom the enrichment information may be associated with a different ruleset than an unknown process that cannot be confirmed to be malicious.

Upon determining the rule set, advisement system 320 may identify actionsuggestions 330 that are related to the particular rule set. Further, adefault SLA may be determined for the incident, based on the rule setthat indicates which administrator or administrators are responsible totake action against the particular incident, and further specifies theamount of time that each administrator has to respond to a particularissue.

Once the default SLA is determined for the incident, the SLA may bemodified based on environment data 327. Environment data 327 may includethe severity of the incident within the environment, the number ofoccurrences of the incident within the environment, the geopoliticalstate, or other similar information related to the threat. For example,environment data 327 may indicate that an unknown IP address isfrequently attempting to contact a computing asset within the computingenvironment. To modify the SLA, advisement system 320 may reduce orincrease the amount of time that each administrator has to respond to anincident based on environment data 327, and may change the personnelthat are responsible for the incident based on environment data 327.Referring to the unknown IP address example from above, based on thefrequent attempts of the unknown IP address, advisement system 320 mayreduce the amount of time that the administrator has to respond or referthe incident to another administrator.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, action suggestions 330 continue to be providedto administrator 340, allowing the administrator to make an actionselection for the environment. However, dynamic response period 337 isincluded with action suggestions 330, indicating a period of time forwhich administrator 340 has to respond. Dynamic response period 337 maydecrease if the incident is critical or severe based on environment data327, or may increase if the incident is determined to be less severebased on environment data 327.

In the present example, only one administrator is illustrated, however,it should be understood that action suggestions might be provided tomultiple administrators in some instances. Here, if administrator 340makes a selection of actions 335-337 within dynamic response period 337,advisement system 320 may initiate implementation of the action withinthe computing environment. In some examples, advisement system 320 mayprovide administrator 340 with a workflow that guides the administratorthrough the necessary steps of implementing the particular action. Forexample, if the action involved a firewall modification, advisementsystem 320 may include steps for the administrator to log into theassociated computing asset, and implement the necessary procedures onthe computing asset. In other implementations, advisement system 320 mayinclude the ability to automate all or portions of the particular actionselected by administrator 340. For example, advisement system 340 mayidentify the type of device and software provider associated with aparticular modification and take preprogrammed steps to implement therequired action.

In some implementations, administrator 340 may not respond to theincident within the time that is required by the SLA and dynamicresponse period 337. As a result, a default action may be taken byadvisement system 320 to ensure that the incident does not remain activewithin the environment. This action may be the top ranked suggestion ifa plurality of suggestions are provided to the administrator, or may beany other default action associated with the particular identified ruleset.

Turning to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 illustrates an operational scenario 400 ofproviding action recommendations to administrators within a definedhierarchy according to one implementation. Operational scenario 400includes advisement system 420 and recommendation interface 440.Recommendation interface may be provided on advisement system 420 insome examples, or displayed to administrators 450-451 on consoledevices. The console devices may include, but are not limited to,desktop computing systems, laptop computing systems, tablet computers,and smartphones.

In operation, advisement system 420 identifies a security incident foran asset within a computing environment. This identification may beprovided directly from the computing asset, or may be transferred from aSIEM or other security systems within the network. In response to theincident, advisement system 420 determines a rule set for the incidentbased at least in part on enrichment data obtained from internal and/orexternal sources. These sources may include databases that storesecurity threat information, websites that maintain records of possiblesecurity threats to computing assets of an environment, or some othersimilar sources that can be searched by advisement system 420. Once therule set is determined action recommendations 431-433 may be identifiedand provided to associated administrators.

Here, in addition to identifying the action recommendations, the ruleset may also identify a default SLA that is associated with theparticular incident. This default SLA may include a hierarchy ofadministrators that should be used to respond to the incident, as wellas a time period for each of the administrators to respond to theincident. This default SLA may then be modified based on environmentalconditions that are associated within the incident. In particular theenvironmental conditions or characteristics may include informationabout how active the incident is in the environment, the criticalityrating of the asset associated with the incident, which may be assignedby an administrator or may be based on the data included with the asset,or some other similar information. In modifying the SLA advisementsystem 420 may change the hierarchy of which administrators areresponsible for initiating the actions within the environment, and mayalso modify the time periods that the administrators have to respond tothe action.

As the modified SLA is determined, advisement system providesrecommendation interface 440 for administrator 450. Upon expiration ofthe time period for receiving an action from administrator 450,suggestions are provided in recommendation interface 441 toadministrator 451. Once presented, administrator 451 selects secondrecommendation 432 from recommendations 431-433 to be applied againstthe threat. Once selected, advisement system 420 may initiate a processto implement the action within the computing environment. This processmay include providing a workflow to the administrator to implement theaction, or implementing automated processes that are preconfigured forthe hardware and software associated with the incident.

In some implementations, the modified SLA determinations may be madeperiodically or throughout the presence of the threat. For example, afirst modified SLA may be determined based on first environmentalcharacteristics related to the incident, and a second modified SLA maybe determined based on second environmental characteristics related tothe incident. As an example, a first modified SLA may be determined whenan incident is not very active within the environment, however, as timeprogresses the incident may become more prevalent resulting in anincreased number of reports associated with the incident. Accordingly,the hierarchy of administrators and/or the time period for response bythe administrators may be changed to reflect the increased number ofreports associated with the incident.

Although illustrated in the present example as providing the same actionrecommendations in both recommendation interface 440 and recommendationinterface 441, it should be understood that in some examples therecommendations might change when they are provided to differentadministrators. Further, while only two administrators are illustratedin the present example, it should be understood that any number ofadministrators might be included within a hierarchy, including two ormore administrators receiving actions at the same instance.

Referring now to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 illustrates a timing diagram 500 forproviding action recommendations to administrators based on containmentof a security incident according to one implementation. FIG. 5 includesassets 510, advisement system 520, and administration console 530.Assets 510 may comprise real or virtual computing systems, softwaresystems, routers, switches, and other similar assets as describedherein. Advisement system 520 may comprise any device or system ofdevices capable of providing the security action services describedherein. Administration console 530 may comprise any computing system,such as a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer,smartphone, and the like.

As illustrated, advisement system 520 identifies a security incident inat least one asset of assets 510. In response to the incident,advisement system 520 may identify a rule set based on enrichmentinformation for the incident. For example, the incident report mayinclude a variety of information about the incident, including an IPaddress associated with the incident, an asset identifier with theincident, a process associated with the incident, or any other similarinformation about the incident. Using this information, advisementsystem 520 may obtain enrichment information for the incident frominternal and external sources, and determine a rule set for the incidentbased on the enrichment information. Once the rule set is determined,advisement system 520 may take a containment action against the incidentto prevent the spread of the incident to other computing assets in theenvironment.

Before, during, or after the containment action, suggested securityactions determined for the rule set may be provided to administrationconsole 530. These actions may be used to remove the incident from theenvironment rather than simply containing the incident. As illustratedin the present example, advisement system 520 further monitors thecontainment of the incident to determine the effectiveness of the actionin assets 510, and modifies the period to respond for the administratorat administration console 530. For example, if the containment action inassets 510 was effective in containing the incident in the assets, thenadvisement system 520 may provide a longer time period for theadministrator to select an action. In contrast, if advisement system 520determined that the containment action were not effective in assets 510,then advisement system 520 may reduce the period to respond to theincident for the administrator.

Although not illustrated in the present example, it should be understoodthat if the administrator does not select and implement an action in theenvironment within the specified time period, advisement system 520might implement a default action without the discretion of theadministrator.

Turning to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 illustrates an advisement computing system 600to provide action recommendations for a plurality of network assets.Advisement computing system 600 is representative of a computing systemthat may be employed in any computing apparatus, system, or device, orcollections thereof, to suitably implement the advisement systemsdescribed herein. Computing system 600 comprises communication interface601, user interface 602, and processing system 603. Processing system603 is communicatively linked to communication interface 601 and userinterface 602. Processing system 603 includes processing circuitry 605and memory device 606 that stores operating software 607.

Communication interface 601 comprises components that communicate overcommunication links, such as network cards, ports, radio frequency (RF)transceivers, processing circuitry and software, or some othercommunication devices. Communication interface 601 may be configured tocommunicate over metallic, wireless, or optical links. Communicationinterface 601 may be configured to use TDM, IP, Ethernet, opticalnetworking, wireless protocols, communication signaling, or some othercommunication format—including combinations thereof. In particular,communication interface 601 may communicate with security identificationsystems, such as SIEM systems, security systems on the assetsthemselves, or some other security identification system. Further,communication interface 601 may be configured to communicate with one ormore administration consoles to provide the suggested actions toadministrators, and the computing assets of the environment to implementselected actions.

User interface 602 comprises components that interact with a user. Userinterface 602 may include a keyboard, display screen, mouse, touch pad,or some other user input/output apparatus. User interface 602 may beomitted in some examples.

Processing circuitry 605 comprises microprocessor and other circuitrythat retrieves and executes operating software 607 from memory device606. Memory device 606 comprises a non-transitory storage medium, suchas a disk drive, flash drive, data storage circuitry, or some othermemory apparatus. Operating software 607 comprises computer programs,firmware, or some other form of machine-readable processinginstructions. Operating software 607 includes rule set module 608,default module 609, environment (enviro) module 610, and modify module611 although any number of software modules may provide the sameoperation. Operating software 607 may further include an operatingsystem, utilities, drivers, network interfaces, applications, or someother type of software. When executed by circuitry 605, operatingsoftware 607 directs processing system 603 to operate advisementcomputing system 600 as described herein.

In particular, rule set module 608, when executed by processing system603, directs processing system 603 to determine a rule set for asecurity incident within a computing environment comprising a pluralityof assets. To determine the rule set, advisement computing system 600may identify a security incident within the computing environment thatis either reported directly from the assets or from a securitymanagement system, such as a SIEM system. Once the incident isidentified along with information about the incident, enrichmentinformation is obtained from various sources that relates to theincident, and a rule set is determined based on the enrichmentinformation. For example, if the enrichment information indicated thatan unknown process within the computing environment was malicious, arule set may be determined that relates to malicious processes. Upondetermination of the rule set, a set of action recommendations may beidentified that are associated with the rule set, and can be provided toone or more administrators.

Once the rule set is identified, default module 609 may directprocessing system 603 to identify a default SLA for the securityincident based on the rule set. This default SLA may include a hierarchyor order of which to provide the action recommendations to theadministrators, and may further provide a time period for which each ofthe administrators has to respond to the incident. For example, a SLAmay provide two administrators that are capable of responding to theissue and specify a time period for each of the administrators torespond to the issue.

After determining the default SLA, environment module 610 may directprocessing system 603 to obtain environmental characteristics related tothe security incident. These characteristics may be determined from thecomputing assets themselves, including the number of occurrences of theincident, the amount that the incident has spread between the assets, orany other similar information from the assets. Further, thecharacteristics may be determined from one or more databases thatinclude information about the severity of the particular incident, thecriticality of the asset infected, the current geopolitical climate, orany other information that might relate to the environment. Based on thecharacteristics determined that are related to the security incident,modify module 611 directs processing system 603 to determine a modifiedSLA for the security incident based on environmental characteristics.This modification may include changing the set or hierarchy ofadministrators to respond to the incident, or increasing or decreasingthe period of time available to respond to the incident.

The included descriptions and figures depict specific implementations toteach those skilled in the art how to make and use the best option. Forthe purpose of teaching inventive principles, some conventional aspectshave been simplified or omitted. Those skilled in the art willappreciate variations from these implementations that fall within thescope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will also appreciatethat the features described above can be combined in various ways toform multiple implementations. As a result, the invention is not limitedto the specific implementations described above, but only by the claimsand their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of managing service level agreements(SLAs) for security incidents in a computing environment, the methodcomprising: identifying a rule set for a security incident of thesecurity incidents based on enrichment information obtained for thesecurity incident, wherein the rule set is associated with one or moreaction recommendations to be taken against the security incident;identifying a default SLA for the security incident based on the ruleset, wherein the default SLA comprises a default hierarchy ofadministrators for the security incident and a default set of one ormore time periods for administrator security actions; obtainingenvironmental characteristics related to the security incident, whereinthe environmental characteristics comprise at least a criticality ratingof an asset associated with the security incident; determining amodified SLA for the security incident based on the environmentalcharacteristics, wherein the modified SLA comprises a second hierarchyof administrators for the security incident and a second set of one ormore time periods for administrator security actions; providing the oneor more security actions to administrators based on the modified SLA;and obtaining input from at least one administrator, wherein the inputcomprises: an action selection of the one or more security actions; orfeedback regarding the one or more action recommendations, wherein thefeedback comprises modifying the one or more action recommendations,removing an action recommendation from the one or more actionrecommendations, or deferring action selection to another administrator.2. The method of claim 1 wherein the environmental characteristicsfurther comprise a current severity level of the security incident, arate of events for the security incident, current market conditions at atime for the incident, or geopolitical conditions at a time for theincident.
 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising obtaining theenrichment information for the security incident from one of a databaseor a website.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the security incidentcomprises one of an unknown process on an asset or an unknowncommunication request to an asset in the computing environment.
 5. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising: initiating implementation of afirst security action within the computing environment based on the ruleset, wherein the first security action comprises a containment actionfor the security incident, and wherein obtaining the environmentalcharacteristics related to the security incident comprises obtainingcontainment effectiveness information for the first security action. 6.An apparatus to manage service level agreements (SLAs) for securityincidents in a computing environment, the apparatus comprising: one ormore non-transitory computer readable media; and processing instructionsstored on the one or more computer readable media that, when executed bya processing system, direct the processing system to: identify a ruleset for a security incident of the security incidents based onenrichment information obtained for the security incident, wherein therule set is associated with one or more action recommendations to betaken against the security incident; identify a default SLA for thesecurity incident based on the rule set, wherein the default SLAcomprises a default hierarchy of administrators for the securityincident and a default set of one or more time periods for administratorsecurity actions; obtain environmental characteristics related to thesecurity incident, wherein the environmental characteristics comprise atleast a criticality rating of an asset associated with the securityincident; determine a modified SLA for the security incident based onthe environmental characteristics, wherein the modified SLA comprises asecond hierarchy of administrators for the security incident and asecond set of one or more time periods for administrator securityactions; provide the one or more security actions to administratorsbased on the modified SLA; and obtain input from at least oneadministrator, wherein the input comprises: an action selection of theone or more security actions; or feedback regarding the one or moreaction recommendations, wherein the feedback comprises modifying the oneor more action recommendations, removing an action recommendation fromthe one or more action recommendations, or deferring action selection toanother administrator.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein theenvironmental characteristics further comprise a current severity levelof the security incident, a rate of events for the security incident,current market conditions at a time for the incident, or geopoliticalconditions at a time for the incident.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6wherein the processing instructions further direct the processing systemto obtain the enrichment information for the security incident from oneof a database or a website.
 9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein thesecurity incident comprises one of an unknown process on an asset in thecomputing environment or an unknown communication request to an asset inthe computing environment.
 10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein theprocessing instructions further direct the processing system to:initiate implementation of a first security action within the computingenvironment based on the rule set, wherein the first security actioncomprises a containment action for the security incident, and whereinobtaining the environmental characteristics related to the securityincident comprises obtaining containment effectiveness information forthe first security action.
 11. An advisement system to manage servicelevel agreements (SLAs) for security incidents in a computingenvironment with a plurality of assets, the advisement systemcomprising: one or more non-transitory computer readable media; aprocessing system operatively coupled to the one or more non-transitorycomputer readable media; and processing instructions stored on the oneor more computer readable media that, when executed by a processingsystem, direct the processing system to: identify a rule set for asecurity incident of the security incidents based on enrichmentinformation obtained for the security incident, wherein the rule set isassociated with one or more action recommendations to be taken againstthe security incident; identify a default SLA for the security incidentbased on the rule set, wherein the default SLA comprises a defaulthierarchy of administrators for the security incident and a default setof one or more time periods for administrator security actions; obtainenvironmental characteristics related to the security incident, whereinthe environmental characteristics comprise at least a criticality ratingof an asset associated with the security incident; determine a modifiedSLA for the security incident based on the environmentalcharacteristics, wherein the modified SLA comprises a second hierarchyof administrators for the security incident and a second set of one ormore time periods for administrator security actions; provide the one ormore security actions to administrators based on the modified SLA; andobtain input from at least one administrator, wherein the inputcomprises: an action selection of the one or more security actions; orfeedback regarding the one or more action recommendations, wherein thefeedback comprises modifying the one or more action recommendations,removing an action recommendation from the one or more actionrecommendations, or deferring action selection to another administrator.12. The advisement system of claim 11 wherein the environmentalcharacteristics further comprise a current severity level of thesecurity incident, a rate of events for the security incident, currentmarket conditions at a time for the incident, or geopolitical conditionsat a time for the incident.
 13. The advisement system of claim 11wherein the processing instructions further direct the processing systemto obtain the enrichment information for the security incident from oneof a database or a website.
 14. The advisement system of claim 11wherein the security incident comprises one of an unknown process on anasset in the computing environment or an unknown communication requestto an asset in the computing environment.
 15. The advisement system ofclaim 11 wherein the processing instructions further direct theprocessing system to: initiate implementation of a first security actionwithin the computing environment based on the rule set, wherein thefirst security action comprises a containment action for the securityincident, and wherein obtaining the environmental characteristicsrelated to the security incident comprises obtaining containmenteffectiveness information for the first security action.